Control of morphology and crystallinity of CNTs in flame synthesis with one-dimensional reaction zone

• Muhammad Hilmi Ibrahim,
• Norikhwan Hamzah,
• Mohd Zamri Mohd Yusop,
• Ni Luh Wulan Septiani and
• Mohd Fairus Mohd Yasin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 741–750, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.61

• significant difference in temperature distribution between the two flames causes a difference in the characteristics of the growth products. In the diffusion flame, the growth is limited to specific regions at certain height-above-burner (HAB) values with a temperature range of 750 to 950 °C at varying radial

• locations. The identified growth regions at different HAB values showed similar temperature distributions that yield CNTs of similar characteristics. Interestingly, the growth of CNTs in the premixed flame is dictated by only the HAB because the temperature distribution is relatively uniform along the

• present study are characterized regarding flame shape, spatial distribution of the reaction zone, and temperature distribution. Figure 1a,b compares line-of-sight images of the diffusion flame and the flat premixed flame burning at rich combustion with equivalence ratios of 1.16 and 1.8, respectively

Specific absorption rate of randomly oriented magnetic nanoparticles in a static magnetic field

• Ruslan A. Rytov and
• Nikolai A. Usov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 485–493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.39

• easy to control the distribution of magnetic nanoparticles in a biological environment, nor is it to monitor the temperature distribution in the heated area [1][2][8]. It is assumed [6][8][9][10][11][12] that some of these problems can be overcome by combining MPI and MH techniques. The MPI-MH

Conjugated photothermal materials and structure design for solar steam generation

• Chia-Yang Lin and
• Tsuyoshi Michinobu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 454–466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.36

• , yielding a temperature profile based on the optical absorption and bulk/surface recombination properties. Here, the photothermal effect refers to this temperature distribution caused by the diffusion and recombination of optically excited carriers. In organic materials, the delocalization of electrons in π

Plasmonic nanotechnology for photothermal applications – an evaluation

• A. R. Indhu,
• L. Keerthana and
• Gnanaprakash Dharmalingam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 380–419, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.33

• time. This equation is applicable for the case of nanoparticles dispersed in liquids for vapour generation, the most common non-medical application of PT energy conversion [90]. The equation governing the temperature distribution in an isotropic nanomaterial is given by where ρ is the density, C is the

Characterisation of a micrometer-scale active plasmonic element by means of complementary computational and experimental methods

• Ciarán Barron,
• Giulia Di Fazio,
• Samuel Kenny,
• Silas O’Toole,
• Robin O’Reilly and
• Dominic Zerulla

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 110–122, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.12

• heating. Second, the resulting expansion of the metallic element is measured using scanning Joule expansion microscopy. The localised temperature distribution, and hence information about the localisation of the modulation of the optical constants of the system, can be extracted using this technique. Both

• external manipulation changes the properties of the device. Characterisation of both localised temperature distribution and optical constants plays a key role for further applications and is required to optimise the operation parameters for the active plasmonic element. Previous studies [23][24

• distribution is investigated by means of scanning Joule expansion microscopy (SJEM) [32]. The technique provides a method to obtain the relative temperature distribution at the nanoscale starting from the measurement of induced thermal expansion, which can be directly mapped in a standard AFM-based image using

Design aspects of Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_8+δ THz sources: optimization of thermal and radiative properties

• Mikhail M. Krasnov,
• Natalia D. Novikova,
• Roger Cattaneo,
• Alexey A. Kalenyuk and
• Vladimir M. Krasnov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1392–1403, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.103

• distribution for the case when the sample is placed in vacuum. Figure 3c shows the top view, Figure 3d the x–z cross section through the mesa (stretched by a factor of three in the vertical direction), and Figure 3e shows the temperature distribution in the mesa (stretched by a factor of 50 in the vertical

• layer [29]. Figure 5 shows the temperature distribution in a crystal-based device in vacuum without electrodes (Figure 5a) and with electrodes (Figure 5b). The main difference is that unlike in the whisker-device, Figure 3, there is no major temperature jump in the epoxy layer between the crystal and

• -based device without electrodes. (a) A sketch of the device and (b) a cross section through the mesa (not to scale). (c–e) Calculated temperature distribution for the device in vacuum. (f–h) The same for the device in exchange He gas. Heat transport in a whisker-based device with an electrode. (a) A

Magnetohydrodynamic stagnation point on a Casson nanofluid flow over a radially stretching sheet

• Ganji Narender,
• Kamatam Govardhan and
• Gobburu Sreedhar Sarma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1303–1315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.114

• decreases for higher values of β. This stems from the fact that the plasticity of the Casson fluid increases when β decreases, leading to an increase in the momentum boundary layer thickness. In addition, the values of the temperature distribution as well as the thermal boundary thickness increase when β

Effect of magnetic field, heat generation and absorption on nanofluid flow over a nonlinear stretching sheet

• Santoshi Misra and
• Govardhan Kamatam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 976–990, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.82

• particles start moving rapidly which causes an elevation in the kinetic energy of the system, resulting in an increase in the temperature distribution and in the boundary layer thickness (Figure 10). Impact of Nt on ϕ(η) A small increase in thermophoresis parameter, Nt, causes a massive increase in the

• increase in both the temperature distribution and thermal state of the fluid. With a massive amount of heat energy generated among fluid particles, the thermal boundary layer thickness increases to a larger extent (Figure 16). Impact of Q on ϕ(η) The heat generation/absorption coefficient, Q, does not have

• = 0.0, Pr = 2.0, Nb = Nt = 0.5, Le = 5.0, and Fw = 0.2. Influence of the slip parameter for liquids ξ on the temperature distribution θ(η) when n = 2.0, M = 0.0, Q = 0.0, Pr = 2.0, Nb = Nt = 0.5, Le = 5.0, and Fw = 0.2. Influence of the slip parameter for liquids ξ on the concentration distribution ϕ(η

Transition from freestanding SnO₂ nanowires to laterally aligned nanowires with a simulation-based experimental design

• Jasmin-Clara Bürger,
• Sebastian Gutsch and
• Margit Zacharias

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 843–853, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.69

• of oxygen consumed by the carbon due to CO or CO2 formation [19][20]. As previously discussed, taking care to ensure a vacuum-tight system and a homogeneous temperature distribution for the powder precursor as well as for the substrate position, the main influencing parameters on the growth mode

Hexagonal boron nitride: a review of the emerging material platform for single-photon sources and the spin–photon interface

• Stefania Castelletto,
• Faraz A. Inam,
• Shin-ichiro Sato and
• Alberto Boretti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 740–769, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.61

• for practical SPEs. As such SPEs in h-BN have been studied from the point of view of spectral line width, ZPLs at low-temperature distribution, and spectral diffusion by several groups. Since the robustness to temperature is crucial for their practical application, and also the temperature

Energy distribution in an ensemble of nanoparticles and its consequences

• Dieter Vollath

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1452–1457, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.143

• isothermal ensemble does not exist. Therefore, it is advised to analyze phenomena connected to the temperature distribution within such an ensemble. The detailed analysis presented in this work led to the assumption of a normal distribution of the energy within an ensemble of nanoparticles where basic

• : energy distribution; isothermal ensemble; nanoparticle ensemble; normal distribution; particle size distribution; temperature distribution; Introduction General theoretical considerations about ensembles of nanoparticles assume that the ensemble is isothermal. To connect these theoretical considerations

• temperature range, fluctuations are possible [1][2]. However, while these studies give the temperature range where fluctuations may be expected, data about the probability distribution of fluctuations are not presented. This gap needs to be closed. Furthermore, given that the temperature distribution is

Direct observation of the CVD growth of monolayer MoS₂ using in situ optical spectroscopy

• Claudia Beatriz López-Posadas,
• Yaxu Wei,
• Wanfu Shen,
• Daniel Kahr,
• Michael Hohage and
• Lidong Sun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 557–564, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.57

• the temperature distribution in the CVD reactor has been revealed. Our results demonstrate the great potential of real time, in situ optical spectroscopy to assist the precisely controlled growth of 2D semiconductor materials. Keywords: chemical vapor deposition (CVD); in situ differential optical

• before filling with Ar gas and the pressure of Ar was maintained at 0.1 Torr until the end of the process. An horizontal tube furnace with a single heating zone and a heating belt were applied as heating elements for the substrate, MoO3 and sulfur, respectively. To establish the temperature distribution

Thermo-voltage measurements of atomic contacts at low temperature

• Ayelet Ofarim,
• Bastian Kopp,
• Thomas Möller,
• León Martin,
• Johannes Boneberg,
• Paul Leiderer and
• Elke Scheer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 767–775, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.68

• into the Seebeck coefficient S = −ΔV/ΔT, the determination of the temperature plays an important role. We present a method for the determination of the temperature difference using a combination of a finite element simulation, which reveals the temperature distribution of the sample, and the

• the fact that the difference between on and off time is calculated. The equation of the linear fit (red line) is ∆VSens = 0.15 Ω · ITC + ∆V0. Simulations of the temperature distribution generated by a Gaussian heat source of 1.5 mW and with a diameter of 12 µm (FWHM) after 4 ms heating at a base

Statistics of work and orthogonality catastrophe in discrete level systems: an application to fullerene molecules and ultra-cold trapped Fermi gases

• Antonello Sindona,
• Michele Pisarra,
• Mario Gravina,
• Cristian Vacacela Gomez,
• Pierfrancesco Riccardi,
• Giovanni Falcone and
• Francesco Plastina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 755–766, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.78

• , 122 particles shaken-up by a perturbation of critical index α = 0.1. In the C60 case, Pγ is the zero-temperature distribution broadened by a Lorentzian of width γ = 0.05 eV; Pγ,σ is obtained by convoluting P(W) with a Voigt distribution [18][19], whose Gaussian standard deviation σ = 0.172 eV and

Simulation of electron transport during electron-beam-induced deposition of nanostructures

• Francesc Salvat-Pujol,
• Harald O. Jeschke and
• Roser Valentí

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 781–792, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.89

• energy as a function of the depth and of the radial coordinate has an additional value. On one hand, it can be used to derive a temperature distribution for more detailed microscopic simulations (e.g., molecular dynamics) of the EBID process [27]. On the other hand, the deposited energy also contributes

• electron beam on the deposit and on the substrate at different stages of the nanostructure growth. Furthermore, the distributions of the deposited energy serve as a starting point for further microscopic simulations (molecular dynamics) in that they provide a guideline for the initial temperature

• distribution in the substrate and the deposit under irradiation with an electron beam. Moreover, similar simulations can aid the understanding of the role that is played by backscattered and secondary electrons in changing the structural properties of nanostructured materials in several post-growth techniques

Infrared receptors in pyrophilous (“fire loving”) insects as model for new un-cooled infrared sensors

• David Klocke,
• Anke Schmitz,
• Helmut Soltner,
• Herbert Bousack and
• Helmut Schmitz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 186–197, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.22

• temperature distribution along the cavity axis is more uniform compared to water. For the evaluation and comparison of the different liquids regarding the maximum membrane deflection in Equation 5, the mean temperature increase ΔTmean has to be calculated. An IR power density of 10 W/m2 at the outer window

• calculate the temperature distribution after 50 ms in Figure 7. Due to the thin absorption zone in water, the maximum temperature appears directly behind the window resulting in heat conducting losses through the window. For hydrocarbons, however, the maximum temperature is shifted deeper into the cavity

• compared to water. The temperature distribution 50 ms after the onset of IR irradiation is shown in Figure 10 comparing gas versus water and hydrocarbons. In this case the maximal deflection of the membrane is about 2 nm compared to about 1 nm in the case of hydrocarbons (Table 2). Using different gases